5TH International Congress on Technology - Engineering & Science - Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia (2018-02-01)

The Production Of Biofuels From Waste Almond Shell (biomass) By The Following Process Critical Fluid

As Population growth and industrialization at the same time in most countries energy costs are continually rising. As the Fossil fuels are the main sources of supply due to the fact they are not renewable increasing energy demand, they are gradually declining [1]. In addition, the extraction and processing of ecological and serious environmental issues, that emissions and the warming of the Earth is an example of it [2], So The search to identify new sources of energy in order to maintain sustainable growth seems essential. Recently biomass (Biomass) has been the focus of attention as a new energy source. Therefore, by the bioethanol from biomass as a clean and environmentally friendly fuel can gain the emission of volatile organic material(carbon dioxide) of it, and other particulate air pollutants can be significantly reduced [1,3]. Almond shell is a raw material for bioethanol production, because contain a significant amount of cellulose, and in this study to increase production of glucose from cellulose into bioethanol by the following process critical temperature and high-pressure water from a reactor was used [1,4]. Biomass includes various sections, one of which is forest waste. In this project the waste almond shell was used as a source of biomass. Almond is not widely used and the most common form is its use in dyeing. But with an almond to the size and smaller particles can have many applications. One can be used as organic fertilizer on farms, fuel, bioethanol, supplying activated carbon, coated, medium and proper nutrition for bacteria and so on. Almond shell by applying water vapor (by Sub-Critical) at 423.15 to 483.15 K and the pressure is 20 to 70 bar with a sudden discharge residence time is 15 minutes before treatment. Results show that sulfuric acid 15% has maximum degradation and the degradation increases from 32% to 64% at 423K to 483K respectively. Lower acid concentration showed lower degradation.
Ali Akbar Samimi, Hossein Mazaheri, Ali Hassani Joshaghani, Amir Hossein Samimi