4TH International Congress on Technology - Engineering & SCIENCE - Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia (2017-08-05)

Characterization And Tensile Properties Of Sago Starch Biocomposites Filled With Nanocrystalline Cellulose Using Acetic Acid As Co-plasticizer
Rattan biomass is one of natural resources of Indonesia which contains 37.6% cellulose. The high cellulose contents of rattan biomass make it a source of nanocrystalline cellulose as a filler in biocomposites. Isolation of alpha cellulose from rattan biomass was prepared by using three stages: delignification, alkalization, and bleaching. It was delignificated with 3.5% HNO3 and NaNO2, precipitated with 17.5% NaOH, bleaching process with 10% H2O2. Nanocrystal obtained through the hydrolysis of alpha cellulose using 45% H2SO4 and followed by mechanical processes of ultrasonication, centrifugation, and filtration using a dialysis membrane. Sago starch biocomposites were prepared using a solution casting method, which includes 1–4 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose rattan biomass as fillers, 10-40 wt% acetic acid as co-plasticizer and 30 wt% glycerol as plasticizer. The result of TEM characteristic of nanocrystalline cellulose shows diameter of nanocrystalline celluloses was 10-100 nm with around shape. FTIR and chemical composition analysis demonstrated that lignin and hemicellulose structures were successfully removed. The biocomposite characteristic consists of SEM, TGA, FTIR, tensile strength and elongation at break. It was observed that the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose and acetic acid improved tensile strength of biocomposites. The addition of the filler have decrease the elongation at break, however the addition on acetic acid addition have increased the elongation at break. Keywords: biocomposite; rattan biomass; nanocrystalline cellulose; sago starch.
Halimatuddahliana Nasution, Hamidah Harahap, Yayang Afandy, M. Thoriq Al Fath